or mass atrocity or a war crime or genocide. really. ultimately these terms end up becoming used as political tools to that inhibit global pace. thank you so much for the enter your thank you the, the rising global temperatures have a direct impact on foods secuity. according to the world food program, we are witnessing an unprecedented food crisis. now almost 708000000 people around the world. assessing chronic hung up. welcome to equal africa. i. m sandra holmes, that we nobody will write to you in comp, hello, uganda. diversified food sources and agriculture. production techniques

is one way of ensuring safe and held the food for everyone of chris islands. coming to you from lagos, nigeria, good to have you with us. here's what's coming up. why mushrooms up big business and rhonda how to reduce the environmental impact of online shopping and how school children are learning, but satisfaction of growing road food. but we start to show on the south african coast jelly fish have been striving for millions of years and are among the oldest leaving animals on the planet while even though they've been around for so long, they're surprisingly little research into these elusive marine creatures. now, scientists to try to find out more about them and the critical role to play in ocean ecosystems. jelly fish are among foods oldest

inhabitants, mass occurrences known as blooms of jelly. fish happened roughly every 10 years. but in some regions like columbia bb and coast, they seem to occur more frequently, but it's hard to get dot to jelly fish thrift with the current which makes them difficult to accurately record. such invasions are usually the result of environmental conditions which lead to a drop in the number of predators. at the same time that can be facilitated by increase in temperature, you can increase the temperature. these things will grow foster. you dropped the concentrations of oxygen that will affect fission negatively, but it doesn't affect jelly fish. the jelly fish will drive in areas the fish of being forced to event that the invasion has not yet hit south africa. chris lewis is a jelly fish expert who is familiar with this b c's and the waters off cape town. so far, 20 spaces are known here,

such as the for the mouth jelly and the poisonous box jelly fish. researches are only now beginning to understand the role that these invertebrates play in the marine ecosystem. they not only service indicate the spaces to show us when it goes system is out of whack. but they also play be important at all. that's a pace pcs, as well as criticism notion, and because january somebody does the actually lock up a lot of carbon into the ocean and we literally fish die. they actually sink to the bottom of the sink low. and then the following season with the wind induced operating that new things get to be used for by the effect of fact in order to grow in stock that cycle back again. there's a lot more to learn about to species diversity to verena ross has spent just over a decade, studying jelly fish together with other scientists. she wants to build a database of the different types found off the south african coast to determine whether there are any changes in the numbers. but it's a huge task. it gets small, but 6 issue. we expect that issue, we get to be in a,

out of the tissue and all that place these, this little solution. fold it in a. what we then do is we sequenced it in a, um, and we look at what spaces we are seeing based on the dna. and what i can say is we are seeing many, many new things coming up from our collections. we've only maybe work through about 10 percent of our collections and already we are discovering many, many new species. and so this has been very exciting for the more the researches understand about jamie fish types and the numbers, the better they can determine changes in the population. and carly them with climactic conditions. can you fish certainly seem to feel at home here as the coast of south africa is one of the most species reaching the world. around 10 percent of all jelly fish is live here, and many can be seen at the cape town aquarium. each species has its own peculiarities, with some only living in cold water, others in warm chris lewis is responsible for breeding them. it's a complex and difficult task. each basis has its own for the images. so while

they're getting up some spaces one through the in warm or cold with a specific period of time, a diet shift, we have some good deficiencies as a jamie patient, we actually have to produce enough to push in order to feed them. then also some database out of very long left they left for 6 months or 9 months. so it was nice to have this done by about system where we actually get a use pieces to replace the ones that actually expiring on exhibits as well as the flow in the banks. the ocean is really good at keeping the data per se, but as the jelly fish cro in the tanks, we actually have to adjust the flow. so that can go off somebody else's usually just become very misshapen and actually die and finish because of that. many people are fascinated by these aquatic dinosaurs or few of them, because many j, the fish are poisonous. although only a few species are dangerous to humans. some jelly fish also contain highly rodnick acid and important nutrients like proteins,

making them popular food in asia. but they're not on the menu in south africa yet. instead, sciences here hope to better understand the role of jelly fish within them, or we can speak our system and how it's affected by climate change. from one you shouldn't see create show to another of you ever heard of the term keystone species? well, it's an old, there's a that helps hold up ecosystem to give a waste as a one example, not a ride crease. they are known as speaker system, easily is because they help create new habitats for other species. and they also minimize the impact of climate change, calling me as they are oysters are real popular is so we need to protect them. this oyster and these muscles along with scallops and clamps are buyouts, ocean creatures with 2 attached shops. fossil records place their age over

500000000 years old before the dinosaurs and they are found everywhere from the arctic to the antarctic. to the equator, they start out tiny, floating to the water. oysters and muscles attach themselves to an underwater surface to grow. well, clams buried themselves in sand. they come in all different shapes and sizes too. they used to be so plentiful that they were given out is free bar snacks. but over fishing cost populations to decrease. about i want to set up shop is price. what was his name? last heidi all the way did her ph. d on the history of oysters? and muscles, we've had this extreme loss of a highly productive habitat. so many places in the world. and people didn't even know that it had happened. the more we learned about how valuable they are to ecosystems, the more devastating this last because that's because they do some incredible stuff

and all the hanging out in the water wherever they grow. they're busy cleaning because the majority of buyouts or filter theaters, and they still devote to attach particles, ends at the border. so feet are those particles surrogate cats of research, time muscles or controlling ecosystem of the great lakes in the united states. you can imagine a muscle sit in the bottom of the lake, maybe in 200 with me, those depths. you imagine that what i call them 200 meters above the muscle. that's single muscle can cycle that column of water in a couple of hours. they use whatever particles they need to grow and excrete the rest in a form that bacteria on the bottom can break down. as you can see on the left, the filter chemicals necessary for plants and animal growth, phosphorus, and nitrogen. these chemicals are present an agricultural run out from fertilizers

and can cause toxic algo blooms at high levels. by them is also felt in more than just chemicals. pilot projects are using them to clean lakes and oceans of micro plastics. tiny plastic particles hard to see and collect the bivalves, absorb the small ones, and larger particles are excluded and feast, which can then be taken out of the water. so we can use these animals to clean up polluted water. bit in a closed environment, they can alter the whole eco system. that's what the researchers discovered in the great lakes. the muscles are native to this area and have cleared the water of nutrients to well. it was quite a realization they figured out the muscles, the left of the bottom of the lake have this much effect on the biology of the entire in open ocean. it's a different story here. muscles and oysters conform rece able to support whole eco systems. oysters are particularly good at this

overtime. researchers grow bigger and bigger and they are very complex. katie motion to work for the 1000000000 oyster project, which aims to restore 1000000000 oysters to new york harbor by 2035. as the oyster reese grow ocean plants attached to them, which attracts small fish and other animals to become a nursery and a feeding ground for all different kinds of organize. and so hundreds of other species, fish, crafts, little, tiny, antique organisms will make their home. and on the way survey these reese also support of the larger animals. a study of new zealand muscle. reeves found over 10 times as many fishing of them and see horses have returned to the oysters in new york harbor. their benefits also extend beyond the structures themselves. lowest rates of join is actually protecting the integrity of the world a h. i. system. when a powerful wave comes in from the ocean and hits an oyster reef,

some of the energy is broken off and lost. meaning the ways that passed that re art is damaging near the shore. this protect fragile coastal eco systems like c grasses, which function of the nurseries for ocean animals. and as carbon sinks, less wave energy also means less coastal erosion. and these ecosystem benefits can also come from farms if they're sustainably managed. the muscles inside in the system is very beneficial. most of the day works muscle farmers in south africa to make sure their operations are sustainable as possible sustainable fishing practices. uh, for example, trying to ensure that the minimize co interrogations and attendance protected species, muscles are hung from ropes suspended in the water. the animals could become trapped in with the ropes properly anchored. it's extremely red that this happens.

the also trying to ensure that their muscle fox themselves going to have an impact on the basic heavy tests that people paint over in a closed environment like this day, excuse me, from the muscles could cover the ocean floor. so platforms are rotated to make sure they don't overwhelm eco systems. 5 all farms require no feet and no antibiotics as they get everything they need from the water rope. chrome muscles have a carbon footprint of 0.25 kilograms per cubic for comparison pieces around a 100 kilograms per kilo. and unlike other methods of foods reduction, waste products from muscles and oysters can be used in a circular way from us. but who we can use now that we can use it says types of a town extremely uses the lift the shells. it should be mico pending composed of them as building material. the shells also sequester carbon fiber. just pull up from the water and use it to grow their shops, crushed up the shelves can be added to concrete instead of limestone. but the best

use for the shells is the simplest. growing more by valves old shelves are often were used for farming, but can also go to restoration projects where the shellfish are left in the water instead of eating. these projects are springing up around the world from australia to new york city. we've collected almost 2000000 pounds or so already the shows are cleaned and placed in cages. these was their cages are put into shipping containers that we've converted into a, a way to set waste or alarm high onto shell, add water from the harbor. then some larvae, and after a week they're a baby oysters in the cages are then moved into the harbor. as the oyster reef grows, it creates an ecosystem will also benefit in people on shore. we can expect a ton of fish that had a voice to range to be added to the brain environment 3 or restoration prices. so one more bibles generally mean cleaner waters. the positive impact of muscles

and oysters can be doubled through circular uses for their shots. and of all of them foresters of the super heroes filtering, sheltering, protecting, and restoring. that's why we should be doing everything we can to put more of them in our waters. there is one thing, but we can all do. that means we never have to worry about this custody of the cost of fruits and vegetables. you know, next report we visit a school right to in uganda where the young students are. we talk the same plastic to grow their own food fresh and they get into the see the screen, it can be copied into that keeps you into bed and for land. the young farmers of said kizzy to high school are successful. the produce from their school farm is used to feed their entire student population. the students at the school on the

outskirts of compiler already grow vegetables such as cabbages, raised chickens, and farm. the fish know they're collecting waste plastic bottles. but they used to build vertical gardens in various farms. and to make the most, the remaining growing space. use it helps us in the way that we plant a lot of different plants we need. we have this come always need um we have the tomatoes, the tv, you know, if you have a small environment to, to him, some of us have poor above ground. but to this, it can help as in the way it takes leave a space one bottle building as a result garden with mushroom cultures and waste caught in husks for soil inside the harvested mushrooms are sliced and dried for storage. this is simply an

ecological way of using our spacing, the environment where by we're trying to avoid all the different products got down that you can choose day. we don't want this environment anymore. we have to add of it and have come up with solution. through the projects, the students are learning innovative, eco friendly and sustainable. growing practices to be self sufficient to, to guarantee a healthy diet. from uganda we had to run to with found lose, so also called to bring thing mushrooms bought on a bigger scale than those school children. we just met and they believe fund guy are the opposite to many of the was problems. who were the sold will demand is definitely growing. and most true farming is quickly becoming one of the most of the creative agriculture elective of these, in africa, in the adult human interior of these homes. so my gumbo, at least is cultivating across that could help improve food security. in rwanda

waste and mushrooms mazda in new york, it's out of india. they called new orleans every whom you did a whole lot and have been cultivated mushrooms for 5 years. did a robot mean see the rapid growth set them apart from other crops when i started to retain 9 and 15 days after cultivation, the mushrooms are ready for sale. well, when i think it is, i'm, is that done? well, i mean, with other crops you often have to wait 5 to 6 months before they can be harvested . but i'll get you over to him. we're in love with mushrooms and generating revenue within just 2 weeks. you did indeed we have many advantages over all that crap. oh yeah. yeah. no, that's not behind on any. you have to be in that to one of them. was that a real con? uh huh. those a semi gumbo every groceries, mushrooms in rugal, rama village. one of 15 villages supported by key gully funds. it's trained around 700 small, hold the phone this and has the hot specially built which the pharmacy's for free.

it also provides them with production and commercialization assistance. the social enterprise was set up by loan de moines in 2010. previously, he ran a micro brewery in new york that he wanted to move to africa to do something sustainable with the community impact. and then inspiration hits the book called them, i see them running home mushrooms going to help save the world. and i thought, yeah, that's, that's too much, you know, how it can help the help. and most of them save the world. but i started reading the book and it was very quickly convinced that mushrooms are, it is incredible organisms that can do a lot of good things. if you, you know, if you use them in the right way, they can be good for people's health. they are very healthy to eat, they're very nutritious. they can be very good for the environment because they have a tendency to recycle organic matter into something useful. the economic

conditions in rwanda are ideal for the cultivation of several varieties of mushrooms and the crop as an ideal solution to one of the problems. the country faces its growing population which currently numbers around to 14000000 and the limited availability of arable land, which encompasses some 1400000 heck to as this indicates that our current land resources may not advocacy a show for security, for all citizens in the future, however, we shall still seems viable solutions for some mushrooms play, a significant role in the circle of bio economy. it solves the issue of negative effects that are crap invested use in the long time. that's because it's used as a substrate for the mushrooms gigante thumbs provide support to local wheat farmers when they harvest and then vice the wheat store, which is then fermented into substrate. the pharmacy used to burn the crop for as a deep contributing to at pollution. the countryside is where you find more agriculture ways that can be converted into mushrooms. so we started with that and

then 56 years into it. we started with button mushrooms. no budget mushrooms worldwide is the number one, commercial mushrooms everywhere. it's 90 percent of the of the cultivated mushroom around the world, but it was 0 in rwanda and it's very, very low in africa. requiring minimal inputs in terms of costs, land, labor, mushroom funding is benefiting local communities here in rwanda, as well as helping decrease emissions and improve soil quality of the new my passions and mushroom plumbing stems from the many benefits. it's given me the clubs charging ma'am is it's a growing cycle takes around 3 amount of discussions. but even once it's finished, mushroom substrate was retained residual value food and we can use it as high quality mendoza and which is ideal for various crowds, especially vegetables. so the harvest is good for the food and the cool as a menu say what the hunchback to the on the slides is which the great and the soil,

columbus and the crew. and have a well controlled with a local total to be what small mushrooms are increasingly seen as an affordable, unhealthy food, and a much more environmentally friendly source of protein than meets instead of having your hamburger with beef in it, you can have a vegetarian burger with the with the mushroom minutes, that's just as delicious, much healthier for you, and the shelter for the planets. a machine slamming fits well with the rwandan government's plans to make agriculture claim. it smells particularly we didn't go to the design because i mention the teeth work claim waiting to integrate climate smart agriculture into agriculture policy goals with, along with the teachers will promote sustainable lighting, environmentally friendly farming methods. we aim to support all forms of agriculture or farming that generates organic fertilizers. this approach not only

aids in combating the impacts of climate change, but also diversifies our reliance with the on mushrooms you won't have doing any resolved for. so what i'm going to need to do the mean that we 3 today to we are with it's many benefits to the environment. mushroom foaming is helping rewind to meet its target to of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by nearly 40 percent by the end of the decades. believe it or not, mushrooms are also being used as a basis for a sustainable alternative to plastic pocket to box urgently needed as online shopping continues to boom. the packaging problems get worse and worse on next story takes us to remediate in eastern europe. we will start to help cable with another week and so you must keep buying online without added to the waste of proper. ringback you order online, and a few days later, the mailman brings everything right to your doorstep. the boxes that tile up are

necessary evils. because make sure that they, some of these boxes make the home look so messy. request someone to we felt that needed to chain. i'm going to create jobs and we came up with the idea of developing the best at packaging solution with auto bought the new good idea and sunday, last year, a global parcel of shipping volume amounted to over 161000000000 parcels. it takes 2 kilos of what to produce one dealing with packaging paybacks. and that means a lot of trees has failed to make those parcels adina who must start up designed to returnable packaging solution that can be reused up to $500.00 times to a consumer shopping online can opt for environmental. the frenzy packaging with just one click the once the packaging has been removed,

its return to the courier and sent back a service for which customers pay extra. for more and more online customer, i want to have returnable packaging. yeah, and just in case that, if that's the challenge for the start up, is finding as many companies as possible to take part in the system. this large online bookseller with branches throughout the book arrest is already on board. the members of the normal cardboard packaging is wasteful. we don't want to put more cardboard on the market. it usually ends up in landfill. assume that you know, the one we do, you know who my hopes that more and more online shoppers will opt for returnable, re usable packaging? not when. yeah, we remain and still have to go to catching up to the on site. and we need to educate the public or to use we had to explain the difference between reusing and

recycling. but we kept tots it. now people understand how the conservation of resources was. if you had made up a settlement, the european union's green deal plans on making the you climate neutral by 2015 a. do you know who my things recreates? returnable packaging solution is a highly promising one. she just wishes she'd have the idea sooner. that states for this week's show all the bald climate slots solutions for fighting for the security of protected the planets. chris alarms and its good bye for v. a nigeria, the end i am some drug of homes that we nobody will sign and go from you. gunter, thank you for joining us on the do check out our equal offer. go online datsuns for more good stories, right, to us on ico at dot com. see you again very soon. the

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you're watching the w news coming to live from berlin. the west steps of pressure on israel not to launch a full scale assault on rafa. as the city and southern gaza comes under renewed bombardment, us officials confirmed the bike and administration held back a shipment of bombs to israel last week. more palestinians are on the move again. as israel forces close in on, the army says it's conducting a limited operation to kill a mouse fighters in the city. also on the program. the dw witness has an apparent.